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Mafi yawan karatun da aka fi sani a mice ana za'ayi a zazzabi a ɗakin, kodayake a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin, sabanin mutane, mice suna ciyar da ƙarfin zafin jiki na ciki. Anan, muna bayyana ƙimar gaske da kiba-sha a cikin C57BL / 6J mice Fed Chow Chow ko 45% babban abincin mai, bi da bi da shi. An sanya mice na tsawon kwanaki 33 a 22, 25, 27.5 da 30 ° C. A cikin tsarin Calorimt tsarin. Mun nuna cewa kashe kuɗin kuzari yana ƙaruwa da layi daga 30 ° C zuwa 22 ° C kuma kusan 30% mafi girma a 22% a 22 ° C a cikin samfuran linzamin kwamfuta. A cikin mice mai nauyi na al'ada, abincin da aka same shi. Hakanan, mice mice bai rage yawan abincin ba lokacin da ee ya ragu. Don haka, mice a ƙarshen binciken, mice a 30 ° C yana da mafi girman nauyi na jiki, taro mai yawa da plasma glycerol da triglycerides fiye da mice a 22 ° C. Rashin daidaituwa a cikin mice na dio na iya zama saboda ƙara yawan abincin da ke ciki.
Mouse shine mafi yawan amfani da dabba dabba don nazarin ilimin kimiyyar ɗan adam da cututtukan cututtukan fata, kuma galibi dabba ce ta asali da aka yi amfani da ita a farkon matakan gano ƙwayoyi da ci gaba. Duk da haka, mice ya bambanta da mutane a cikin hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na sirri, kuma yayin da aka yi amfani da Allometrical screological na iya fassara zuwa mutane, manyan bambance-bambance da mutane suna kwance a thermororegation da gidan yanar gizo. Wannan yana nuna rashin daidaituwa. Matsakaicin jikin mita na manya shine aƙalla sau dubu da ƙasa da na manya (50 g vs 50), da kuma yanki na sama), da kuma canjin yanki na ilimin ƙasa wanda ba shi da ma'ana ta MEE . Daidaituwa 2. A sakamakon haka, mice asara mafi muhimmanci a kan ƙarfirar su, don haka sun fi hankali ga zazzabi, kuma suna da matsakaita na rayuwa na rayuwa goma fiye da na mutane. A daidaitaccen dakin zazzabi (~ 22 ° C), mice dole ne ya ƙara yawan kashe kuɗin ku na kuzari (ee) ta kusan 30% don kula da zafin jiki na jiki. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, ee yana ƙaruwa sosai da kusan 50% da 100% a 15 da 7 ° C idan aka kwatanta da ee a 22 ° C. Don haka, yanayin gidaje na daidaituwar haifar da amsawar damuwa na sanyi, wanda zai iya sasantawa da fassarar sakamakon linzamin kwamfuta (saboda ɗan adam rabo a cikin yanayin ya sa mu zama mai hankali ga Zazzabi, yayin da muka kirkiro yankin ertroneatheral (tnz) a kusa da mu. ee sama da Bastal marita) Spans ° 19 zuwa 30 ° C6, Yayinda Mice ke da Mafi girmanarrun 'yan kundu ne kawai 2-4 ° C7,8 A gaskiya, wannan muhimmiyar wata sabuwar hanya ta sami kulawa sosai a cikin' yan shekarun nan, da aka ba da shawarar cewa wasu "bambance-bambance na musamman" na iya A maiging da ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ruwa 9. Koyaya, babu yarjejeniya game da kewayon zazzabi wanda ya ƙunshi thermoneatheryrity in mice. Don haka, ko ƙananan zafin jiki mai mahimmanci a cikin kewayon thertroneorralal Range a mice mara nauyi a cikin shekaru 25. 7, 8, 12, 12 har abada rijiya. Ee da sauran sigogi na rayuwa sun iyakance ga sa'o'i zuwa kwanaki, don haka har zuwa lokacin tsawan yanayin zafi na iya shafar sigogi na rayuwa kamar nauyin jiki ba su sani ba. Amfani, substrate amfani da, oji haƙuri, da plasma lipid da glucose maida hankali ne da kuma daidaita hommones. Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da abin da lokacin cin abinci na iya tasiri ga waɗannan sigogi (Dio mice akan abincin mai mai yawa (hedonic) abinci). Don samar da ƙarin bayani game da wannan batun, mun bincika sakamakon yawan zafin jiki a cikin sigogin rayuwa da kuma abinci mai yawa na mice (dio) meman abinci a kan abincin 45% na ci da mai kitse. An sa mice a 22, 25, 27.5, ko 30 ° C na akalla makonni uku. Yanayin zafi a kasa 22 ° C ba a yi nazari ba saboda ingantaccen gidajen dabbobi ba shi da wuya a kasa da dakin da zazzabi. Mun gano cewa al'ada-circle-Circle Dio mice amsar da Hakanan canje-canje a cikin shinge na ee kuma ba tare da yanayin rufewa ba (tare da ko ba tare da tsari / Neting abu). Koyaya, yayin da Mice ta al'ada ta daidaita abincinsu a bisa ga EE, abincin da Dio Mice ya kasance mai zaman kanta sosai. Dangane da bayanan nauyi na jiki, maida hankali ne na lipids da keton sun nuna cewa dio mice a 30 ° C yana da mafi inganci makomar makamashi fiye da mice a 22 ° C. Abubuwan da ke cikin dalilan da ke cikin bambance-bambance game da daidaito na cigaba da kuma ee tsakanin nauyinsu na yau da kullun, amma na iya danganta da canje-canje na cututtukan cututtukan fata da sakamakon cin abinci na Sio da sakamakon abinci na sihiri ne sakamakon abinci na kariya.
Ee ya karu da layi daga 30 zuwa 22 ° C kuma kusan 30% mafi girma a 22 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 30 ° C (Fig. 1A, B). Rashin musayar na numfashi (reer) ya kasance mai zaman kanta da zafin jiki (Fig. 1c, d). Abincin Abinci ya yi daidai da EEyamics kuma ya karu tare da rage zafin jiki (kuma ~ 1e, F). Yawan aiki da matakin aiki bai danganta da zazzabi ba (Fig. 1g). -To).
Male mice (C57BL / 6J, makonni 20, gidaje na mutum, n = 7) an gida a cikin cages na rayuwa a sati 22 ° C. na mako daya kafin farkon binciken. Kwana biyu bayan tarin bayanan bango, an tashe zafin jiki a cikin 2 ° C a 06:00 hours a rana (farkon lokacin haske). Ana gabatar da bayanai kamar ± daidaitaccen kuskuren kuskure, da duhu (18: 00-000) na akwatin launin toka. Kudin kuzari (KCal / H), Batun Kasa na Kasa a Matsayi daban-daban (VCA2 / VO2: 0.7-1.7-1.7-1.7-1.0 / VO2: 0 (An ayyana darajar sifili kamar 0.7). e cumulative abinci cin abinci (g), F 24H Total abinci ci, g 24h isasshen ruwa hadin ruwa (ml), a lokacin aiki na tsawon ruwa (m / 24h). ). An adana mice a cikin zafin jiki da aka nuna na tsawon awanni 48. Bayanai da aka nuna na 24, 26, 28 da 30 ° C suna nufin awanni 24 na ƙarshe na kowane sake zagayowar kowane salo. Mice ta ci gaba da ciyar a cikin binciken. An gwada mahimmancin ilimin lissafi ta hanyar maimaita ma'aunin hanya ɗaya a Anova ya biyo bayan gwajin kwatancen Tukey na da yawa. Alamomin suna nuna mahimmanci don darajar farko na 22 ° C, shading yana nuna mahimmanci tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi kamar yadda aka nuna. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, ** **, **** p <0,0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, ** **, **** p <0,0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001.An lasafta matsakaiciyar ƙimar kimar duka lokacin gwajin (0-192). n = 7.
Kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin mice na yau da kullun, EE ya ƙara layi-layi tare da rage zafin jiki, kuma a wannan yanayin, EE ma kusan 30% a lokacin da aka kwatanta da 30 ° C (Fig. 2a, B). RER bai canza a yanayin zafi daban-daban ba (Fig. 2C, D). Ya bambanta da mice na yau da kullun, yawan amfanin abinci bai yi daidai da ee a matsayin aikin zazzabi ɗakin ba. Abincin Abinci, yawan amfanin ruwa, da matakin aiki sun kasance masu zaman kanta da zazzabi (Figs. 2e-j).
Namiji (C57BL / 6J, 208 Makonni) dio mice an gida a gida a 22 ° C. na mako daya kafin farkon binciken. Mice na iya amfani da 45% HFD AD Liberum. Bayan ɗaukar kwanaki biyu, an tattara bayanan tushen tushe. Bayan haka, an tashe zafin jiki a cikin kari na 2 ° C Kowace rana a 06:00 (farkon lokacin haske). Ana gabatar da bayanai kamar ± daidaitaccen kuskuren kuskure, da duhu (18: 00-000) na akwatin launin toka. Kudin kuzari (KCal / H), Batun Kasa na Kasa a Matsayi daban-daban (VCA2 / VO2: 0.7-1.7-1.7-1.7-1.0 / VO2: 0 (An ayyana darajar sifili kamar 0.7). e cumulative abinci cin abinci (g), F 24H Total abinci ci, g 24h isasshen ruwa hadin ruwa (ml), a lokacin aiki na tsawon ruwa (m / 24h). ). An adana mice a cikin zafin jiki da aka nuna na tsawon awanni 48. Bayanai da aka nuna na 24, 26, 28 da 30 ° C suna nufin awanni 24 na ƙarshe na kowane sake zagayowar kowane salo. An kula da mice 45% hfd har zuwa ƙarshen karatun. An gwada mahimmancin ilimin lissafi ta hanyar maimaita ma'aunin hanya ɗaya a Anova ya biyo bayan gwajin kwatancen Tukey na da yawa. Alamomin suna nuna mahimmanci don darajar farko na 22 ° C, shading yana nuna mahimmanci tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi kamar yadda aka nuna. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001.An lasafta matsakaiciyar ƙimar kimar duka lokacin gwajin (0-192). n = 7.
A wani jerin gwaje-gwajen, mun bincika tasirin zafin jiki na yanayi a daidai waɗannan sigogi iri ɗaya, amma wannan lokacin tsakanin rukunin ƙaura da aka adana kullun a wani zazzabi. An kasu kashi biyu zuwa ƙungiyoyi hudu don rage canje-canje na ƙididdiga a cikin ma'ana da daidaitattun daidaito na nauyin jiki, kitse, da kuma nauyin jiki (Fig. 3a-c). Bayan kwanaki 7 na ukllimatization, an yi rikodin kwanaki 4.5 na EE. EE an cutar da shi sosai da yawan zafin jiki duka a lokacin sa'o'i da daddare (Fig.), Da kuma ƙaruwa da layi kamar yadda zafin jiki ya ragu daga 22 ° C (Fig. 3e). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kungiyoyi, sake dawo da rukunin 25 ° C rukuni na 25 ° C rukuni na ɗan rage, kuma babu bambance-bambance tsakanin sauran kungiyoyin (Fig. 3f, g). Abincin abinci a layi ɗaya don ee tsarin ƙara da kusan 30% a 22 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 30 ° C (Fig. 3h, I). Yawan amfani da matakan aiki bai banbanta tsakanin kungiyoyi ba (Fig. 3J, K). Watsuwa ga yanayin yanayi daban-daban na har zuwa kwanaki 33 bai haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin nauyin jiki ba, kamar yadda taro yake da yawa, amma ya haifar da raguwa a cikin kashi 15% idan aka kwatanta da HUKUNCIN HUKUNCINSA (Fig. 3n-s). 3b, r, c)) da mai siminti ya karu da fiye da sau 2 (daga ~ 1 g zuwa 2-3 g, fig. Abin takaici, 30 ° majalisar ministocin tana da kurakurai masu daidaituwa na daidaituwa kuma ba za su iya samar da cikakken bayani ba da kuma rer bayanai.
- nauyin jiki (a), jingina da yawa (b) da taro mai kitse (c) bayan kwana 8 (rana ɗaya kafin canja wuri zuwa tsarin da zai iya zuwa tsarin. amfani da makamashi (kcal / h). E Matsakaicin amfani da makamashi (0-108 hours) a yanayin zafi (kcal / 24 hours). fachi na numfashi (reer) (VCO2 / VO2). g nufin rer (VCO2 / VO2). h jimlar abinci (g). Ina nufin cin abinci abinci (g / 24 hours). J Jim jimlar ruwa (ml). K Matsakaicin Amfani da ruwa (ML / 24 h). l cumulative matakin aiki (m). m matsakaicin matakin aiki (m / 24 h). n nauyin jiki a rana ta 18, ya canza a cikin nauyin jiki (daga -8th zuwa rana ta 18, q Canja a rana ta 18, R Mass a rana 18 , kuma canza cikin taro mai mai (daga -8 zuwa kwana 18). An gwada mahimmancin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na maimaita matakan ƙididdigar da aka gwada ta hanyar Dayway-Anova ta biyo bayan gwajin kwatancen na Tufey da yawa. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, *** P <0,001, **** P <0,0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, *** P <0,001, **** P <0,0001. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001.An gabatar da bayanai kamar yadda + Kuskuren daidaitaccen kuskuren ma'anar, ɗakin duhu (18: 00-000), 00 h) ya wakilta ta kwalaye mai launin toka. Dige a kan tarihi yana wakiltar mice na mutum. An lissafta matsakaiciyar ƙimar dabi'u don duk lokacin gwaji (0-108 hours). n = 7.
An daidaita mice a cikin nauyi, jingina, da taro mai yawa, da cast. 4A-c kamar yadda ake karatu na al'ada. . Lokacin kwatanta rukuni na mice, alaƙar da ke tsakanin eE da zazzabi ya nuna irin wannan dangantakar loji a lokaci ɗaya a cikin miƙe ɗaya. Don haka, mice ta tsare a 22 ° C cinye kusan 30% mafi ƙarfi fiye da mice sa a 30 ° C (Fig. 4D, E). Lokacin da nazarin tasirin dabbobi, zazzabi ba koyaushe yana shafar rer (Fig. 4f, g). Abincin Abinci, yawan amfanin ruwa, da aiki ba a shafa da zazzabi (Figs. 4H-M). Bayan kwanaki 33 na rearing, mice a 30 ° C yana da babban jiki mai nauyi fiye da mice a 22 ° C (Fig. 4n). Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan tarihin su, mice reared a 30 ° C suna da matukar nauyi na jiki fiye da mice reared a 22 ° C (Ma'ana daidaitaccen kuskuren kuskure na ma'ana: Fig. 4O). Amfanin babban nauyi shine saboda karuwa mai kitse (Fig. 4p, q) maimakon karuwa a jingina (Fig. 4r, s). Mai daidaituwa tare da ƙananan EE darajar a 30 ° C, faɗakarwar batir da yawa waɗanda ke karuwa da 2 ° C: Adr16. Sauran Key kwayoyin halitta wanda shima yana ƙaruwa da aikin batir / aikace-aikacen girma: Tfam (Mitochendrial Biogenesis, Adrb1, Adr2a, Pck1 (Gluconeogene) da Cpt1a. Abin mamaki, UCP1 da VEGF-A, hade da ƙara yawan aikin thermogenic, bai rage a cikin 30 ° C rukuni ba. A zahiri, matakan UCP1 a cikin mice uku sun fi girma a cikin 22 ° C rukuni, da VEGF-A da Adrb2 sun kasance daukaka sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da 22 ° C rukuni, mice kiyaye a 25 ° C da 27.5 ° C ba zai nuna canji (ƙarin adadi 1).
- nauyin jiki (a), jingina (b) da taro mai kitse (c) bayan kwanaki 9 (rana ɗaya kafin canja wurin zuwa tsarin da ke gaba). amfani da makamashi (ee, kcal / h). E Matsakaicin amfani da makamashi (0-96 hours) a yanayin zafi (kcal / 24 hours). fachi na numfashi (rer, vco2 / VO2). g nufin rer (VCO2 / VO2). h jimlar abinci (g). Ina nufin cin abinci abinci (g / 24 hours). J Jim jimlar ruwa (ml). K Matsakaicin Amfani da ruwa (ML / 24 h). l cumulative matakin aiki (m). m matsakaita matakin aiki (m / 24 h). n sner nauyi a rana 23 (g), o Case a cikin nauyi, p coan Mass, q Canja a cikin Mass na 23 Idan aka kwatanta da ranar 9, Canshe shi a ranar 23 Mass (g) idan aka kwatanta da rana 8, Day 23 idan aka kwatanta da -8th rana. An gwada mahimmancin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na maimaita matakan ƙididdigar da aka gwada ta hanyar Dayway-Anova ta biyo bayan gwajin kwatancen na Tufey da yawa. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001.An gabatar da bayanai kamar yadda + Kuskuren daidaitaccen kuskuren ma'anar, ɗakin duhu (18: 00-000), 00 h) ya wakilta ta kwalaye mai launin toka. Dige a kan tarihi yana wakiltar mice na mutum. Ana lissafta ƙimar abubuwa don duk lokacin gwaji (0-96 hours). n = 7.
Kamar mutane, mice sau da yawa suna haifar da microenviloni don rage zafin rana zuwa yanayin. To quantify the importance of this environment for EE, we evaluated EE at 22, 25, 27.5, and 30°C, with or without leather guards and nesting material. A 22 ° C, kamar yadda aka daidaito kowace fanti ya rage ee da kusan 4%. Bugu da gaba mai zuwa Neting kayan rage ee ta 3-4% (Fig. 5a, B). Babu canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin rer, ci abinci mai cin abinci, abincin ruwa, ko matakan aiki da aka lura dasu tare da ƙari na gidaje ko frins + gado (Hoto 5I-p). Bugu da ƙari na fata da kuma kayan aikin ma yana da muhimmanci sosai EE a 25 zuwa 30 ° C, amma martani sun kasance karami mai yawa. A 27.5 ° C Ba a lura da shi ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, ee kusan 57% ƙasa da EE a 30 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 22 ° C (Fig. 5C-H). An yi nazarin guda ɗaya kawai don lokaci mai sauƙi, inda EE ke kusa da masu girma na marigayi, tunda a wannan yanayin, mai girma dabam a cikin fata (karin bayani ga ƙira. 2a-h) .
Bayanai don mice daga tsari da kuma Nesting Kayan (Blue Blue), Gida Amma babu kayan aiki (shuɗi), da gida da kuma gida kayan (Orange). Yawan kuzari (ee, kcal / h) don ɗakuna a, c, e da g a 22, 25, 27.5 da 30 ° na nufin ee (kcal / h na nufin. IP data don mice a gida Jimlar Ruwa na ruwa (ml), n matsakaita yawan ruɓaɓɓiya auc (ML / 24h), o jimlar aiki (m), p matsin lamba matakin (m / 24h). An gabatar da bayanai kamar yadda + Kuskuren daidaitaccen kuskuren ma'anar, ɗakin duhu (18: 00-000), 00 h) ya wakilta ta kwalaye mai launin toka. Dige a kan tarihi yana wakiltar mice na mutum. An gwada mahimmancin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na maimaita matakan ƙididdigar da aka gwada ta hanyar Dayway-Anova ta biyo bayan gwajin kwatancen na Tufey da yawa. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * Р <0,05, ** р <0,01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * Р <0,05, ** р <0,01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01.An lissafta matsakaiciyar ƙimar kimar don duka lokacin gwaji (0-72 hours). n = 7.
A cikin nauyin nauyi na yau da kullun (2-3 hours na azumi), rening a yanayin daban-daban ba ya haifar da mahimman bambance-bambancen plasma, 3-hb, da asari, amma HDL a matsayin aikin zazzabi. Hoto 6a-e). Azumi plasma plasma na leeptin, insulin, C-peptide, da Glucagon shima bai bambanta tsakanin kungiyoyi ba (Figures 6G-J). A ranar haƙuri na haƙuri (bayan kwanaki 31 a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun), matakin kwastomomi na jini (5-6 hours na azumi) ya zama kusan 6.5 mm, ba tare da bambanci tsakanin kungiyoyin. Gudanar da glucose na baka ya karu maida hankali ne sosai a cikin dukkan kungiyoyi, amma duka perem) sun kasance ƙasa a cikin rukuni na 30 ° C (maki lokaci guda: p <0.05-P <0.0001, Fig. 6k, L) Idan aka kwatanta da mice a gida 22, 25 da 27 2777777 277 2777777 2777 2710 wasu). Gudanar da glucose na baka ya karu maida hankali ne sosai a cikin dukkan kungiyoyi, amma duka perem) sun kasance ƙasa a cikin rukuni na 30 ° C (maki lokaci guda: p <0.05-P <0.0001, Fig. 6k, L) Idan aka kwatanta da mice a gida 22, 25 da 27 277777 2777777 277777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777710 C (wanda bai bambanta tsakanin kowane wasu). Sероралюведе глюлюотие значиКрациюкачопо кок всерорупоповыхе все ко все ко все ко все ко всеачачоропио всеачато КАКото Валико всена Yanонцентрацик и Пиввым под М в Пиносяииносялих в Пл )ей, сышей, (отдельные Веменные временные времени: P <0,05-P <0ES1, родержраср различичичичичичичикоу ежду Собой). Ranar da baka na glucose yana ƙaruwa da yawan glucose jini a cikin duka ƙungiyoyi, amma dukkanin molves a ƙarƙashin rukuni na 30 ° C mice (maki lokaci: p <0.05- P <0.0001, Fig. 6k, l) Idan aka kwatanta da mice ya kiyaye a 22, 25 da 27 277 2777 27 ° C (wanda bai bambanta da juna ba).的给药显着增加了所组 的 给药显着增加了所给药显着增加了所组 的给药显着增加了所, 但在 30 ° C 的 的 小鼠组 中, 下峰值浓度和曲线 增加面积 (15-1UC) (各个时间点: P <0.05-P <0.0001, 图 6k, l) 与饲养在 2,2彼此之间没 c 的和 小鼠 (彼此之间没彼此之间没 差异) 相比.的口服组 的 给所组 的 血糖血糖 的 血糖血糖 的在 的 血糖在 30 中 中, 浓度浓度 下面积 下均 下均 下分钟 下均 下均 下均: P <0.05-p < 0.0001, 图 6k, l) 与饲养在 22,25 和 27.5 ° C 的的小鼠 (彼此之间没彼此之间没 差异) 相比.Ranar da baka na glucose yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin dukkan kungiyoyi, amma duka perem na ƙungiyar (duk lokacin) sun kasance ƙasa da rukuni na 30 ° C-Fed).: P <0,05-P <0,0001, рис. : P <0.05-P <0.0001, Fig.6l, l) Idan aka kwatanta da mice ya tsare a 22, 25 da 27.5 ° C (babu bambanci da juna).
Plasma maida hankali ne na TG, 3-HB, Chesterol, HDL, alt, cptin, insulin, C-Pepcagon, insulin, C-Pepcagon, insulin, C-Pepcagon, insulin, C-Pepcagon, insulin, C-Pepcagon, Insulin, Ciyarwa, CPEPOD, insulin, insulin, insulin, insulin, insulin, insulin, insulin, insulin, insulin, ciyarwa, ciyarwa a cikin zazzabi da aka nuna . Ba a ciyar da mice 2-3 ba kafin samfurin jini. Basanin ya kasance mai haƙuri na haƙuri na glucose, wanda aka yi kwana biyu kafin karshen binciken a kan Mice da aka yi azumin da ya yi azumi na tsawon kwanaki 31. An kalubalance mice da nauyin 2 g / k / kg. Yankin a ƙarƙashin bayanan da aka yi a cikin bayanan (l) an bayyana shi azaman ƙarin bayanai (IAC). Ana gabatar da bayanai kamar yadda ake nufi ± SEM. Dige suna wakiltar samfuran mutum. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, ** **, **** p <0,0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, ** **, **** p <0,0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7.
A cikin mice mice (wanda aka yi azumin don 2-3 hours), plasma cholesterol, HDL, alt, da FFA maida tsakanin kungiyoyi. An ɗaukaka TGL da Glycerol sosai a cikin kungiyoyin 30 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 22 ° C Rukunin (Figures 7a-h). Ya bambanta, 3-GB kusan 25% ƙananan a 30 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 22 ° C (Hoto na 7b). Don haka, kodayake mice kiyaye a 22 ° C yana da ma'aunin ingantaccen makamashi, kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar da aka ba da shawara, kuma 3 ° C a lokacin da smpling ya wuce 22 ° C. ° C. Mice reared a 30 ° C suna cikin wataƙila mafi yawan mafi ƙarfin gaske. Mawallen hanta na daskarewa glycerol da TG, amma ba glycogen da cholesterol, mafi girma a cikin kungiyoyi 30 ° C (karin karin bayani. 3a-d). Don bincika ko bambance-bambance na zazzabi a cikin lipollyes (kamar yadda aka auna ta Plasma TG da Glycerral) sune sakamakon canje-canje na ciki a ƙarshen karatun da qufied acid acid ex Vivo. kuma sakin glycerol. A cikin dukkan kungiyoyin gwaji, samfuran nama daga adipoin da na atingdmal da kuma abubuwan da aka gabatar sun nuna aƙalla karuwar-glycoterenol (karin karin bayani. 4a-d). Koyaya, babu wani tasirin zafin jiki a kan basal ko isoproterenol-motsa jiki Lipolysis aka samu. Mai daidaituwa tare da mafi girma jiki nauyi da taro mai yawa, plasma matakai sun fi girma a cikin rukuni 30 ° C fiye da 22 ° C rukuni (Hoto 7i). A akasin haka, matakan plasma na insulin da C-Peptide ba su bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi na zazzabi ba (Fig. 7k, K), amma a wannan yanayin kusan 22 ° C a akasin haka ya ninka zuwa 30 ° C. Daga. Rukuni c (siffa 7l). FGF21 bai bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ba (Fig. 7m). A ranar Ogtt, tushen jini glucose shine kusan 10 mm kuma bai bambanta tsakanin mice a gidaje ba a yanayin zafi daban-daban (Fig. 7n). Gwamnatin baka na glucose na glucose jini kuma preaked a cikin dukkan kungiyoyi a wani kimanin mintuna 18 mm 15 bayan an yi mintuna. Babu bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin IAC (15-120 min) da kuma maida hankali ne a lokacin da aka sanya post-kashi (15, 30, 60 min) (Hoto 70, O).
Plasma maida hankali ne na TG, 3-HB, Chesterol, HDL, CPTIN, Insulin, C-Peptide, insulin, insulin, centucagon, insulin mice bayan kwanaki 33 na ciyarwa. da aka ƙayyade zazzabi. Ba a ciyar da mice 2-3 ba kafin samfurin jini. Gwajin mai haƙuri na glucose ya zama abin banda a cikin kashi 2 g / kg jikin mutum da aka yi azumin da aka yi azumin da ya yi azumin da ya dace na tsawon kwanaki 31. Yankin a karkashin bayanan da aka sanya (O) an nuna shi azaman bayanan mutum (IAC). Ana gabatar da bayanai kamar yadda ake nufi ± SEM. Dige suna wakiltar samfuran mutum. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, ** **, **** p <0,0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7. * P <0,05, ** P <0,01, ** **, **** p <0,0001, n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, ** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, n = 7.
Isarwar bayanan rodent ga mutane wani al'amari ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke taka rawa tsakiya wajen fassara mahimmancin lura a cikin mahallin magungunan magunguna. Don dalilan dalilai da kuma sauƙaƙe bincike, ana amfani da mice a daki a ƙasa da ke haifar da ƙimar dawakai daban-daban waɗanda ke ƙaruwa da farashin rayuwa da ke ƙaruwa da fassara. Don haka, bayyanar mice ga sanyi na iya maida hankali ga kiba-tsayayya da ratsin da ba a kula da su ba saboda yawan abubuwan da ba su da insulin. Koyaya, ba a bayyane yake ba wanda ya tsawaita yanayin yanayin yanayi daban-daban (daga daki zuwa Thernlasutral) yana shafar gidan kayan aiki na yau da kullun (a kan HFD) da sigogin rayuwa, da kuma girman wanda suka sami damar daidaita karuwa a cikin EE tare da karuwa cikin ci abinci. Nazarin da aka gabatar a wannan labarin na nufin kawo wani tsabta game da wannan batun.
Mun nuna hakan a cikin nauyin marice mice da kuma mice mice, ee yana da alaƙa da zazzabi a tsakanin 22 da 30 ° C. Don haka, ee a 22 ° C kusan 30% sama da a 30 ° C. a cikin kayan linzamin kwamfuta guda biyu. Koyaya, bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin adadin ƙwallen nauyi na al'ada da dio na yau da kullun shine yayin da ake yin yanayin abinci gwargwadon, yawan abinci na dio mioed ya bambanta da matakai daban-daban. Yanayin karatun yana kama da haka. Bayan wata daya, mice mice kiyaye shi a 30 ° C ya ci gaba da karin nauyin jiki da kuma mice na yau da kullun ya ci gaba da zazzabi. Dogaro bambanci a cikin nauyin jiki. mice nauyi. Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin zafi kusa da thermoneutorral ko a dakin zafin jiki na al'ada ya haifar da miliyar abinci mai nauyi amma ba a kan abincin miji na yau da kullun don samun nauyi ba. jiki. An tallafa ta wasu bincike na17,18,19,21 amma ba ta allura22,23.
Ikon ƙirƙirar microenvonmement don rage asarar zafi yana hyuwar yanayin yanayin hagu da boye-lokaci har zuwa 28 ° C. Don haka, bayananmu ba su goyi bayan cewa ƙarancin thermoneutsrity a cikin manya-gwanayen da yawa, tare da ko ba tare da gidajen gida ba, ya kamata ya tallafa wa sauran karatun da aka nuna. Yanayin zafi na 30 ° C a cikin ƙaramin mIce7, 10, 24. Don magance al'amura, ma'ana na Thertronutsormaller a cikin asalin lokaci, zai yiwu saboda ƙananan kalori Production a sakamakon aiki da kuma rage abinci-jawo thermogenesis. Saboda haka, a cikin lokaci mai sauƙi, ƙananan ƙananan tsaka tsaki ya zama da zama ~ 29 ° ° °, a cikin duhu, ~ 33 ° С25.
Daga qarshe, dangantaka tsakanin yawan zafin jiki da kuma yawan amfani da makamashi an ƙaddara ta hanyar dissipation. A cikin wannan mahallin, yankin yanki zuwa girma shine mahimmancin ƙaddara na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, yana shafar zafi watsawa (yanki) da kuma zafi tsara (girma). Baya ga yanki, canja wurin zafi shima ya ƙaddara ta rufi (kudi na canja wurin zafi). A cikin mutane, taro mai yawa na iya rage asarar zafi ta hanyar ƙirƙirar shinge na jikin mutum, kuma an ba da shawarar cewa mai yana da mahimmanci ga raunin zafin jiki a ƙasa da tsaka tsaka tsaki ( curve gangara). Rashin zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da ee) 12. Ba a tsara karatunmu ba don tantance wannan dangantakar da aka haɗa kai tsaye saboda bayanan da aka tattara jikin mutum kafin an tattara bayanan kuzari da kuma saboda taro ba ya tsayawa a cikin binciken. Koyaya, tunda nauyi na al'ada da dio mice suna da kashi 30% a cikin 22 ° C fiye da akalla 5 ° C duk da akalla babban bambanci, bayananmu ba su goyan bayan cewa kiba ya kamata ya samar da rufin asali. factor, aƙalla ba a cikin kewayon zazzabi ba. Wannan yana cikin layi tare da wasu nazarin da aka fi dacewa don bincika wannan 4,24. A cikin waɗannan karatun, da infasting sakamako na kiba ne ƙanana, amma an gano fur don samar da 30-50% na jimlar yanayin zafi4,24. Koyaya, a cikin mice na da suka mutu, aikata yanayin yanayin zafi ya karu da kusan 450% bayan mutuwa, gami da cewa inforing sakamako na Jawo ya zama dole don motsa jiki ya zama dole don motsa jiki, ciki har da vasoconstrialtion, don aiki. Baya ga bambance-bambancen ra'ayi a cikin barayi da mutane, matalauta suna iya tasiri sakamakon yawan kiba. Yawanci a cikin rodents kasa da 20% na jimlar dabbobi na Fat28. Bugu da kari, taro mai yawa na iya ma zama gwargwado gwargwado na rufi na mutum na mutum shine ya karye da karuwa a yankin. .
A cikin mice nauyi na al'ada, azumin plasma plasma na tg, 3-hb, da chestterol, da asari ba sa canzawa a wurare daban-daban na daidaita makamashi. sun kasance iri ɗaya cikin nauyi da abun ciki na jiki kamar yadda ƙarshen binciken. Hakanan daidai yake da kamance da mai, babu kuma babu bambance-bambance a cikin matakin Plasma leptin matakai, ko insulin insulin, da Gluckagon. An samo ƙarin sigina a cikin mice dio. Kodayake Mice a 22 ° C kuma basu da ma'aunin makamashi mara kyau a cikin wannan halin (kamar yadda suke da nauyi), a ƙarshen binciken da suka yi, a cikin yanayi kamar babban keteses. Production ta jiki (3-gb) da ragewa a cikin taro na glycerrer da tg a plasma. Koyaya, bambance-bambancen zazzabi a Lipollysis bai bayyana ba sakamakon canje-canje na ciki a cikin bayyanar Adipormone-amare daga cikin abubuwan da aka fitar daga waɗannan lemots suna tsakanin zazzabi Kungiyoyi suna kama da juna. Kodayake ba mu bincika sautin na tausayawa a cikin binciken yanzu ba, wasu sun gano cewa (dangane da matsin lamba na zamani) yana da alaƙa da matsi na yanayi a cikin 30 ° C 20% C Don haka, bambance-bambance-bambance-bambancen zazzabi a cikin sautin juyayi na iya taka rawa a Lipolysis a Lipolysis a cikin juyinmu yana motsa maimakon hana lippysis, wasu hanyoyin na iya magance wannan rage a cikin al'adun gargajiya. M rawar jiki a cikin rushewar mai. Zazzabi daki. Bugu da ƙari, ɓangare na tasirin tasirin mai juyayi a kan Lipolysis ya shiga tsakani mai saurin ɗaukar ciki, amma a cikin binciken musulin insulin da kuma sautin ɓoyayyen insulin a yanayin da C-peptide a yanayin zafi. bai isa ya canza Lipolysis ba. A maimakon haka, mun gano cewa bambance-bambance a cikin matsayin makamashi sun fi dacewa da babban mai ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin mice mice. Dalilin da ke ƙarƙashin manufar da ke haifar da kyakkyawan tsari na cin abinci tare da ee a cikin mice na yau da kullun na buƙatar ƙarin nazari. Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, ana sarrafa cin abinci ta hanyar gida da kuma matsakaiciyar matsakaic31,32,33. Kodayake akwai muhawara game da waɗanne alamu biyu ne mafi mahimmanci, 31,32,33 sanannu ne cewa yawan abinci mai tsayi da ke haifar da ƙarin halayen cin abinci wanda yake da rashin daidaituwa ga Homeostasis. . - An tsara abincin da aka tsara 34,35,36. Sabili da haka, karuwar haɗarin ciyarwar mai kula da guba tare da 45% HFD na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa waɗannan maƙasudin bai daidaita da abinci ba tare da EE. Abin sha'awa, bambance-bambance a cikin ci da kuma an kuma lura da homomones na glucose-sarrafawa a cikin milking-sarrafa dioo mice, amma ba a cikin nauyin al'ada ba. A cikin dio mice, matakai plasma leptin ya karu da zazzabi da kuma matakan Gluccagon sun ragu da zazzabi. Gwargwadon zafin jiki zai iya tasiri kan waɗannan bambance-bambance da ya cancanci ma'aunin mai zuwa 22 ° C lalle ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, kamar yadda taro da plasma leptin ne sosai a daidaita 37. Koyaya, fassarar siginar Glucagon ta fi rikitarwa. Kamar yadda yake insulin, an hana sinadarin Gluckagon sosai ta hanyar karuwar mai juyayi, amma an yi hasashen mafi yawan sautin tausayi, amma wanda yake da mafi girman filin wasan katako. Insulin wani mai tsaron gidan mai karfi ne na Plasma Glucagon, da kuma insulin juriya da nau'in ciwon sukari na sukari suna da alaƙa da azumi da ɗaukar hyperglucArpucArdial 38,39. Koyaya, dio mice a cikin binciken mu sun kasance m insariness, don haka wannan ma ba zai zama babban abin da ke ƙaruwa a cikin alamar alamar Glucagon a cikin 22 ° C rukuni. Abun Kashi mai yana da alaƙa da karuwa a cikin Plasma Glucagon maida hankali ne, hanyoyin haɓakawa na ɗan acid set40,41, 42. Koyaya, tunda mai iya maida hankali na glycerol da tg bai bambanta tsakanin kungiyoyin zazzabi a cikin bincikenmu ba, wannan ma ba zai iya zama mai yiwuwa a cikin karuwa a cikin sukan na 22 ° C rukuni. TriodiiyeSoothynronineine (T3) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙima ta rayuwa da kuma ƙaddamar da kimiyyar tsaro ta hyabothermia43,44. Thus, plasma T3 concentration, possibly controlled by centrally mediated mechanisms,45,46 increases in both mice and humans under less than thermoneutral conditions47, although the increase in humans is smaller, which is more predisposed to mice. Wannan ya yi daidai da asarar zafi ga yanayin. Ba mu auna filayen T3 na yanzu ba a cikin binciken na yanzu, amma na iya zama ƙasa da matakan wannan rukunin akan Matakan Pleasma, wanda (adadi na 5) da wasu sun nuna cewa T3 yana ƙaruwa Plasma Glucagon a cikin wani abu mai dogaro da tushe. An ba da rahoton kwayoyin thyroid don shigar da furcin FGF21 a hanta. Kamar Glucagon FGF21 taro ma ya karu da plasma t3 na kari (karin bayani. 48), amma Reffection na 48), amma Refforing na Glucagon, ba da daɗewa ba a cikin karatunmu ba ya shafi zafin jiki. Dalilin da suka yi nazarin wannan rashin daidaituwa suna buƙatar ci gaba, amma T3-Drive FGF21 T3-TRACHED amsar T3-TROPORY (karin bayani. 5b).
An nuna shi da karfi a hade da haƙuri da rashin haƙuri da insulin juriya (alamomi) a cikin mice reared a 22 ° C. Koyaya, HFD ba a danganta shi da haƙurin tsayayya da glucose ko insulin juriya yayin girma a cikin yanayin sararin samaniya (an bayyana su a nan har zuwa 28 ° C) 19. A cikin binciken mu, ba a sake buga wannan dangantaka a cikin mice dio ba, amma mice nauyi na al'ada ana kiyaye shi a 30 ° C sosai inganta glucose haƙuri. Dalilin wannan Bambancin yana buƙatar ci gaba, amma yana iya rinjayi abin da dioptide C-Peptide maida hankali ne, sau 12-20 sau sama da mice nauyi. kuma a cikin jini a kan komai a ciki. glucose taro na kimanin 10 mm (kimanin 6 mm a nauyin jikin mutum na al'ada), wanda da alama yana barin karamin yanayi na bayyanar yanayi don inganta haƙuri haƙuri. Kyakkyawan rikitaccen abu shine, don dalilai masu amfani, don aiwatar da Ogtt a ɗakin zafin jiki. Don haka, mice a gida a yanayin zafi da aka ɗanɗana sanyi mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, wanda zai iya shafar shan glucose / share. Koyaya, dangane da irin wannan glucose nazarin glucose nazarin a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, canje-canje a cikin yawan zafin jiki na iya haifar da haifar da sakamakon.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kwanan nan an fi dacewa da ƙara yawan zafin jiki ga sanyi ga sanyi da bayanan linzamin kwamfuta ga mutane. Koyaya, ba a bayyane menene mafi kyawun zafin jiki don kiyaye mice zuwa m ɗan adam Likita ta ɗan adam ba. Amsar wannan tambayar kuma za a iya yi tasiri ta filin na nazari da kuma ma'anar ma'anar ƙarshe. Misalin wannan shine sakamakon abinci ne a kan hadarin da gujin na hanta, haƙuri da juriya da insulin19. A cikin sharuddan kashe kudi, wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa rashin zafin jiki shine mafi yawan zafin jiki don tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na jikinsu kamar 30 ° C7,10. Sauran masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa yawan zafin jiki ya yi kama da cewa ɗan adam yana fuskantar ƙwanƙwarai a cikin gwiwa guda shine zuwa shekaru 26-28 ° C kuma ya haɗu da mutane kusan 3 ° C. Za a bayyana ƙananan zafin jiki mai mahimmanci, an bayyana shi a nan 23 ° C, yana dan kadan 8,12. Bincikenmu ya yi daidai da wasu karatun da ke jihar cewa ba a sami damar yin tsaka tsayin daka a 26-28 ° C4, 7, 25, na nuna cewa 23-25 ° C ya ragu sosai. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci don la'akari da yanayin zafin jiki da thermoneutsirrity in mice ba su da aure ko rukuni. Lokacin da aka horar da mice a cikin rukuni maimakon akayi wasu akayi daban-daban, kamar yadda a cikin bincikenmu, an rage jin daɗin zafin jiki, mai yiwuwa ne saboda cunkoson dabbobi. Koyaya, zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da ltl na 25 lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi uku. Wataƙila bambance-bambance mafi mahimmanci a wannan batun shine mahimmancin kayan aiki a matsayin kariya daga cututtukan cututtukan fata. Don haka, yayin da mice ya rama babbar hasara mafi girma ta hanyar karuwar ayyukan kok, wanda ya wuce 6 ° C shi kadai, 51,52 Gudummawar aikin batir zuwa EE ya kasance mafi girman gaske, mai karami. Saboda haka, rage ayyukan batir na iya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don haɓaka Fassarar ɗan adam. The regulation of BAT activity is complex but is often mediated by the combined effects of adrenergic stimulation, thyroid hormones and UCP114,54,55,56,57 expression. Bayananmu suna nuna cewa zazzabi yana buƙatar a tashe yawan zafin jiki sama da 27.5 ° C idan aka kwatanta da Mice a 22 ° C Domin gano bambance-bambance a cikin furcin batires da ke da alhakin aiki / Kunna. Koyaya, bambance-bambance sun gano tsakanin kungiyoyi 30 zuwa 22 ° C ba su nuna karuwa a cikin ayyukan batir na 22 ° C ba saboda UCP1, Adrb2 da Vegf-A ne Rage COungiyan 22 ° C. Tushen dalilin wadannan sakamakon da ba tsammani ya kasance don tantancewa ba. Daya yiwuwar shi ne cewa bayyana girman su na iya nuna sigina na dakin da yake daure, amma tasirin m na motsa su 5 ° C a ranar cirewa (mice ƙwanƙwasa wannan a ranar Cire (mintuna kafin a kashe) . ).
Babban iyakancewar karatunmu shine kawai muke yi nazarin mice namiji ne kawai. Sauran bincike ya nuna cewa jinsi na iya zama wani muhimmin tunani a cikin firikwensinmu na farko, kamar yadda mice mace mai tsananin kulawa ne saboda mafi girman yanayin da aka sarrafa shi. Bugu da kari, mice mata (a kan HFD) ya nuna babbar hanyar makamashi tare da EE a lokacin da za a kwatanta da mice na mace (20 ° C a wannan yanayin) 20. Saboda haka, a cikin mice na mata, tasirin abun ciki mai zurfi shine mafi girma, amma yana da tsarin iri ɗaya kamar yadda cikin mice na namiji. A cikin binciken mu, mun mai da hankali ne a kan mice namiji-mara nauyi, kamar yadda waɗannan sune yanayin da ake binciken yawancin karatun na rayuwa ana yin nazarin EE ana gudanar da shi. Wani iyakancewar bincikenmu shi ne beraye na kayan abinci iri ɗaya a duk karatun, wanda ya hana ta canza canje-canje na abinci a cikin abubuwan da ake ciki na macronutrient). A cikin mace da mice ta kiyaye a 20 ° C idan aka kwatanta da mice mice sa a 30 ° C.
A ƙarshe, bincikenmu yana nuna cewa, kamar yadda a cikin nazarin, lap 1 na yau da kullun mice sune thermoneutorral sama da annabta 27.5 ° C. Bugu da kari, bincikenmu yana nuna cewa kiba ba babban abu bane mai lalacewa a cikin mice tare da nauyin al'ada ko dio, sakamakon mice iri ɗaya ne. Yayin da abincin abinci na ƙaura na ƙaura na al'ada ya yi daidai da EE kuma ta haka ne ya sami madaidaicin nauyin jiki a duk yanayin zafi, wanda ya haifar da ragin mice a 30 ° C . A 22 ° C ya sami ƙarin nauyin jiki. Gabaɗaya, masu binciken tsari suna bincika mahimmancin rayuwa a ƙasa da yanayin yanayin zafi ana ƙarfafawa saboda yawan lura da rashin ƙarfi da nazarin ɗan adam da nazarin ɗan adam. Misali, a cikin karar kiba, wani bangare bayani don fassarar talauci na iya zama saboda yawan zafin da ke damun ka a kan zazzabi na ee. Fadada asarar nauyi idan aka kwatanta da nauyin jikin mutum, musamman idan tsarin aiki ya dogara da karuwar bip, wanda yafi aiki da kuma kunna shi a ɗakin zafin jiki fiye da 30 ° C.
Daidai da Dalilin gwajin dabba na Dan dabba (1987) da kuma cibiyoyin Nationalasar Lafiya (Littattafai A'a 85) da kuma babban taron Turai don kariya da aka yi amfani da shi don gwaji da sauran dalilan kimiyyar kimiyya (Majalisar Turai ba 123, Strasbourg , 1985).
An samo wasu tsoffin mice ashirin da mako-mako daga Jawir Saint Borthevin Cedex, Faransa, kuma an ba su talla misali chowe (° C) bayan wani haske na 12:12 Hasken haske: Tsarin Hannun Haske. zazzabi daki. An samo makonni 20 (sati 20) daga wannan mai kaya kuma an ba su lasisin cin abinci mai yawa (cat. A'a, Binciken Abinci Inc., NJ, Amurka) An daidaita mice ga muhalli a mako kafin farkon binciken. Kwana biyu kafin canja wurin tsarin Calorimtry na kai tsaye, mice an auna nauyi, da scujerm, usa) kuma ya kakkafa kashi hudu da ke dacewa da jiki, da mai da nauyin jikin mutum.
An nuna zane mai zane na zane na karatun 8 matakan aiki ta hanyar auna karya. Xyz. Mice (n = 8) an rataye akayi daban-daban a 22, 25, 27.5, ko 30 ° C na amfani da kayan gado a kan 12: Haske: mai haske . 2500ml / min. Mice sun kasance acclimatized na 7 days kafin yin rajista. Ana tattara rakodi huɗu a jere. Bayan haka, ana kiyaye mice a yanayin yanayin da ke 25, 27.5, da 30 ° C don ƙarin kwanaki 12, bayan haka an ƙara adadin kwandunan kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa. A halin yanzu, rukuni na mice sun kiyaye a 22 ° C kowane lokaci guda ( 06:00) Har sai 30 ° C Bayan haka, an rage zafin jiki zuwa 22 ° C da bayanai don wani kwana biyu. Bayan ƙarin ranakun rikodin a 22 ° C, an ƙara fatajunan dukkan sel a duk yanayin da (Rana 17) kuma tsawon kwana uku. Bayan haka (Rana 20), an ƙara susting abu (8-10 g) an ƙara wa dukkan sel a farkon lokacin zagayowar haske (06:00) da bayanan wani kwana uku. Don haka, a ƙarshen binciken, mice ta kiyaye a 22 ° C na kwanaki 21/33 da kuma a wasu zafin rana da aka kiyaye a wannan zafin rana. / Kwanaki 33. An ciyar da mice a lokacin karatun.
M nauyi da dio mice ya bi tsarin nazarin guda ɗaya. A rana -9, mice aka auna, mri bincika, kuma an kasu kashi biyu cikin jiki mai nauyi da abun ciki. A rana -7, an canza mice zuwa wani tsarin da aka rufe a rufe tsarin calorimetry da Kasa da Kasa da International (Nevada, Amurka). An yi wa mice daban-daban tare da kwanciya amma ba tare da ma'aurata ko kayan tsari ba. Ana saita zafin jiki zuwa 22, 25, 27.5 ko 30 ° C. Bayan mako guda na hukumomin (ranakun -7 zuwa 0, an tattara bayanan) akan kwanaki hudu a jere (kwanaki 0-4, bayanai da aka nuna a cikin Figs. 1, 2, 5). Bayan haka, mice ta kiyaye a 25, 27.5 da 30 ° C a karkashin yanayin kullun har zuwa ranar 17th. A lokaci guda, zafin jiki a cikin 22 ° C rukuni ne ya ƙaru a cikin tsaka-tsaki na 2 ° C kowane rana ta daidaita kewayon zazzabi (06:00 h) a farkon bayyanar haske. 1) . A ranar 15, zazzabi ya faɗi zuwa 22 ° C da kwana biyu na bayanai na bayanan da suka ba da bayanan tushen-gari don jiyya. An kara fafkokin kan dukkan mice a ranar 17, kuma an kara da kayan aikin a rana 20 (Fig. 5). A ranar 23 ga ranar 23, an yi wa mice kuma an haye zuwa MIC. A ranar 24, mice aka yi azumi daga farkon hoto (06:00) kuma sun sami Ogtt (2 g / kg) da karfe 12:7 na Azumi). Bayan haka, an mayar da mice ga yanayin da suke bi da su gaba daya kuma an soke su a rana ta biyu (Rana ta 25).
Doo mice (n = 8) ya bi wannan yarjejeniya kamar mice mai nauyi (kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama kuma a cikin Hoto na 8). Mice ta kiyaye 45% HFD a duk tsawon aikin kuzarin kuzarin kuzari.
VO2 da VCO2, kazalika da matsin turɓayar turanci, an rubuta shi a mitar 1 hz tare da lokacin tantanin halitta 2.5 min. An tattara abinci da kuma ruwa wanda yake ci gaba da rikodin (1 hz) na nauyin abinci da pails ruwa. Mai siye da ingancin da aka yi amfani da shi ya ba da izinin ƙuduri na 0.002 g. An tattara matakan aiki ta amfani da abin da aka yi amfani da shi na XYN XYZ STURT, An tattara bayanai a lokacin ƙudurin ciki na 240 HZ da aka ba da rahoton kowane ɗayan don sauƙaƙe ƙuduri mai ƙarfi na 0.25 cm. An sarrafa bayanan Macro mai fassara na Macro mai fassara V.2.41, ƙididdigar ee da reer da tace wuraren da (misali, abubuwan da suka faru na ƙarya). An tsara mai fassara Macro don ƙarin bayanai don dukkan sigogi kowane nau'i biyar.
Baya ga tsara EE, zai iya yin amfani da sauran fannoni na metabolism, ciki har da ɗaukar metabolism na gurbata, ta hanyar tsara ɓoyayyen ƙwayoyin glucose-metabolizing etroses. Don gwada wannan hasashen, a ƙarshe mun gama binciken yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar tsokanar nauyin nauyi na al'ada tare da nauyin glucose na yau da kullun tare da nauyin glucose mai nauyi (2 g / kg). Ana bayanin hanyoyin daki-daki a cikin ƙarin kayan.
A ƙarshen karatun (Rana ta 25), an yi azumi don 2-3 hours (farawa a 06:00), an haɗa shi da isoflahere, kuma a bar shi ta hanyar retroorbital venipuncture. An bayyana musayar plasma lipids da hommones da lipids a hanta an bayyana a cikin ƙarin ƙarin kayan aiki.
Don bincika ko yawan zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da canje-canje na ciki a cikin tsararren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ke haifar da ƙwayar adipysis, Inguin da Epriedmal adipose nama an ba shi gamsu kai tsaye daga matakin ƙarshe na zub da jini. An aiwatar da kyallen takarda ta amfani da sabon vivo Lipolysis Assay da aka bayyana.
Brown addose nama (batshe) an tattara a ranar ƙarshe da aka sarrafa kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ƙarin ƙarin hanyoyin.
Ana gabatar da bayanai kamar yadda ake nufi ± SEM. An kirkiro zane-zane a cikin jadawalin Graphpad Prism 9 (La Jolla, an gyara CA) da zane-zane a cikin Adobe Smilustor (Adobe tsarin da, CA). An gwada mahimmancin ilimin juyin ilimin lissafi a cikin shirin Graphpad da aka gwada ta hanyar gwajin T-gwajin, ko kuma wanda ba shi da izini a kan dabaru na Tukey. An tabbatar da rarraba bayanan Gausstin na bayanan D'Agostino-Pearsson na Pearson kafin gwaji. Girman samfurin yana nuna a sashin da ya dace da sashin "sakamakon" da kuma almara. An bayyana maimaitawa azaman kowane ma'auni a kan dabba guda (a vivo ko akan samfurin nama). Dangane da yanayin martani na bayanai, an nuna ƙungiyar tsakanin kuɗin kuzari da yanayin yanayin yanayin rayuwa ta amfani da mice daban-daban tare da ƙirar nazarin.
Cikakken daidaituwa na gwaji, kayan, da kuma ragin bayanai suna samuwa kan buƙatun da suka yi nesa daga Mawallafin Ruwa E. Kuhre. Wannan binciken bai samar da sabbin maganganu na musamman ba, dabba Transgenic / layin tantanin halitta, ko kuma bayanan sequination.
Don ƙarin bayani game da zane na karatu, duba Rahoton Binciken Yanayin ya zama wanda zai haɗu da wannan labarin.
Duk bayanan bayanai suna haifar da jadawalin. 1-7 aka ajiye shi a cikin bayanan bayanan kimiyya na kimiyya: 1253.11.11.SISDB.FORSEDB.02284. Ana iya aika bayanan a ESM don Ruwa E Kuhre bayan gwajin da ya dace.
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Lokaci: Oct-28-2022
